Hepatitis B virus infection in a population exposed to occupational hazards: firefighters of a metropolitan region in central Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: By the nature of their activities, firefighters are exposed to a high risk of contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV) as most of the Fire Brigade occurrences in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, are related to the rescue of victims of traffic accidents and the transportation of clinical and psychiatric emergencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiological profile of HBV infection in firefighters from the City of Campo Grande, central Brazil. METHODS: The research involved 308 firefighters. After giving written consent, they were interviewed and blood was collected for the detection of HBsAg, anti-HBs and total anti-HBc of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS: The participants had an average of 36.4 years of age (SD ± 6.5), being 89.9% male. Blood tests revealed 6.5% of seropositivity for hepatitis B (HB) infection (n=20), and 1% for HbsAg. Isolated anti-HBs markers, indicative of vaccine immunity, were found in 66.9% of the participants and 28.2% were susceptible to infection. With regard to risk factors for HB infection, multivariate regression analysis showed a statistically significant association with length of service; and prevalence was higher in individuals with over 20 years of service. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HB found among the firefighters was low and length of time in the profession was found to be a risk factor. Non-occupational risk factors did not influence the occurrence of HB infection in the population studied.

Hepatitis B virus infection in a population exposed to occupational hazards: firefighters of a metropolitan region in central Brazil / Infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B em população exposta a risco ocupacional: bombeiros de região metropolitana do Brasil central

INTRODUCTION: By the nature of their activities, firefighters are exposed to a high risk of contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV) as most of the Fire Brigade occurrences in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, are related to the rescue of victims of traffic accidents and the transportation of clinical and psychiatric emergencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiological profile of HBV infection in firefighters from the City of Campo Grande, central Brazil. METHODS: The research involved 308 firefighters. After giving written consent, they were interviewed and blood was collected for the detection of HBsAg, anti-HBs and total anti-HBc of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS: The participants had an average of 36.4 years of age (SD ± 6.5), being 89.9% male. Blood tests revealed 6.5% of seropositivity for hepatitis B (HB) infection (n=20), and 1% for HbsAg. Isolated anti-HBs markers, indicative of vaccine immunity, were found in 66.9% of the participants and 28.2% were susceptible to infection. With regard to risk factors for HB infection, multivariate regression analysis showed a statistically significant association with length of service; and prevalence was higher in individuals with over 20 years of service. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HB found among the firefighters was low and length of time in the profession was found to be a risk factor. Non-occupational risk factors did not influence the occurrence of HB infection in the population studied.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os bombeiros pela natureza de suas atividades possuem elevado risco para aquisição da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB), pois a maioria das ocorrências atendidas em Campo Grande, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brasil, estão relacionadas ao resgate de vítimas de acidentes de trânsito e transporte de emergências clínicas e psiquiátricas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o perfil soroepidemiológico da infecção pelo HBV em bombeiros do município de Campo Grande, Brasil Central. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa 308 bombeiros. Após consentimento, foram submetidos à entrevista, coleta de sangue e testes sorológicos para detecção dos marcadores HBsAg, anti-HBs e anti-HBc total por enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos participantes da pesquisa foi de 36,4 anos (±6,5 DP), sendo 89,9% do sexo masculino. Foi encontrado percentual de soropositividade de infecção para hepatite B (HB) de 6,5% (n=20), sendo 1% para o HBsAg. A presença do marcador anti-HBs isolado, indicativo de imunidade vacinal foi encontrada em 66,9% e 28,2% dos indivíduos estavam susceptíveis à infecção. Com relação aos fatores de risco para infecção pelo VHB, a análise de regressão multivariada demonstrou associação estatística significativa com o tempo de serviço, sendo a prevalência maior em indivíduos com mais de 20 anos de serviço. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de HB encontrada nos bombeiros foi baixa, sendo encontrado como fator de risco muitos anos de profissão. Fatores de risco não ocupacionais não influenciaram na ocorrência de infecção por HB nos bombeiros estudados.

Analysis of working conditions focusing on biological risk: firefighters in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.

UNLABELLED: Firefighters are exposed to a wide range of risks, among them, biological risk. The objective was to analyze working conditions of firefighters in the city of Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, focusing on risk conditions of exposure to biological material. Three hundred and seven (307) firefighters were interviewed for data collection and observed for ergonomic job analysis (AET). RESULTS: 63.5% of the firefighters suffered some kind of job related accident with blood or body fluids. Statistically significant association was found between having suffered accidents at work and incomplete use of personal protective equipment (PPE). About AET regarding the biological risks, 57.1% of all patients had blood or secretions, which corresponds in average to 16.0% of the total work time, based on a working day of 24 h. Besides biological risks, other stressing factors were identified: emergency and complexity of decision, high responsibility regarding patients and environment, and conflicts. Health promotion and accident prevention actions must be emphasized as measures to minimize these risks.

[After vaccination adverse effects in the city of Campo Grande (MS, Brazil)]. / Eventos adversos pós-vacinais no município de Campo Grande (MS, Brasil).

The implantation of Vaccination Adverse Effects System enabled the formation of critical professionals with knowledge that could offer more security to the patients and avoid false contraindication. The aim of the study was to know the main incidents of the adverse reactions in Campo Grande (MS, Brazil). Data were conducted by notifications cards of After Vaccinations Adverse Effects located at the Reference Center of Special Immunobiological from January to July-2006. Most of the people who did the notification were patients aging up to 10 years old (53.6%), and 63.4% from female sex. The vaccine who caused more reactions was the adult diphtheria-tetanus (26.8%) comparing to the tetravalent (19.5%) and 63.4% happened in the first 24 hours. The adverse events more notificated were ache, blush and heat (22.4%), followed by enduration (18.4%) and in 75.6% of the cases it was used a conduct to the vaccination process. There is a need for capacitating human resources upon the importancy of notifications for the after vaccinations adverse effects, contributing in this way for the perfection of our immunobiologics.

Eventos adversos pós-vacinais no município de Campo Grande (MS, Brasil) / After vaccination adverse effects in the city of Campo Grande (MS, Brazil)

A implantação do Sistema de Eventos Adversos Pós-Vacinais possibilitou a formação de profissionais com conhecimentos que pudessem dar mais segurança aos pacientes e evitar falsas contraindicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as principais ocorrências de reações adversas com vacinas no município de Campo Grande (MS). Os dados foram coletados mediante consulta às Fichas de Notificação de Eventos Adversos Pós-Vacinais, registradas no Centro de Referência de Imunobiológicos Especiais, no período de janeiro a julho de 2006. Observou-se que a maioria das pessoas que fizeram notificação tinha idade entre 0 e 10 anos (53,6 por cento), sendo 63,4 por cento do sexo feminino. A vacina isolada que mais causou reações foi a dupla adulto (26,8 por cento), seguida da tetravalente (19,5 por cento); dessas reações, 63,4 por cento ocorreram nas primeiras 24 horas após a administração do imunobiológico. Os eventos adversos mais notificados foram dor, rubor e calor (22,4 por cento), seguidos de enduração (18,4 por cento); em 75,6 por cento dos casos, foi adotada a conduta de manter o esquema vacinal. Sugere-se a necessidade de capacitação dos recursos humanos sobre a importância de se notificarem os eventos adversos pós-vacinais, contribuindo desta forma para o aperfeiçoamento constante de nossos imunobiológicos.

The implantation of Vaccination Adverse Effects System enabled the formation of critical professionals with knowledge that could offer more security to the patients and avoid false contraindication. The aim of the study was to know the main incidents of the adverse reactions in Campo Grande (MS, Brazil). Data were conducted by notifications cards of After Vaccinations Adverse Effects located at the Reference Center of Special Immunobiological from January to July-2006. Most of the people who did the notification were patients aging up to 10 years old (53.6 percent), and 63.4 percent from female sex. The vaccine who caused more reactions was the adult diphtheria-tetanus (26.8 percent) comparing to the tetravalent (19.5 percent) and 63.4 percent happened in the first 24 hours. The adverse events more notificated were ache, blush and heat (22.4 percent), followed by enduration (18.4 percent) and in 75.6 percent of the cases it was used a conduct to the vaccination process. There is a need for capacitating human resources upon the importancy of notifications for the after vaccinations adverse effects, contributing in this way for the perfection of our imunobiologics.

Violência no trabalho em enfermagem: um novo risco ocupacional: [revisão] / Violence in the nursing workplace: a new occupational risk: [revision] / Violencia en el trabajo de enfermería: un nuevo riesgo ocupacional: [revision]

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema violência no trabalho em enfermagem. Os principais aspectos com relação à violência no trabalho em enfermagem encontrados na literatura foram: os tipos de violência, a prevalência da violência no ambiente de trabalho; os fatores associados ao risco, as conseqüências para os trabalhadores e prevenção destes eventos. Os trabalhadores estão expostos a variadas formas de violência, trazendo graves conseqüências à saúde, necessitando assim que outros estudos sejam desenvolvidos em relação à temática, principalmente, em nosso país.

This study is aimed at presenting a review of the literature regarding violence in the nursing workplace. The main aspects in relation to violence in the nursing workplace that were found in literature are: the types of violence, the prevalence of violence in the workplace; factors associated with the risk; consequences for workers and prevention of these events. Workers are exposed to several types of violence, causing serious consequences to health. It is necessary, therefore, that other studies about this subject matter are conducted, mainly in our country.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema violencia en el trabajo en enfermería. Los principales aspectos con relación a la violencia en el trabajo en enfermería encontrados en la literatura fueron: los tipos de violencia, la prevalencia de la violencia en el ambiente de trabajo; los factores asociados al riesgo, las consecuencias para los trabajadores y prevención de estos eventos. Los trabajadores están expuestos a variadas formas de violencia, trayendo graves consecuencias a la salud, necesitando así que se desarrollen otros estudios con relación a la temática, principalmente, en nuestro país.

[Violence in the nursing workplace: a new occupational risk]. / Violência no trabalho em enfermagem: um novo risco ocupacional.

This study is aimed at presenting a review of the literature regarding violence in the nursing workplace. The main aspects in relation to violence in the nursing workplace that were found in literature are: the types of violence, the prevalence of violence in the workplace; factors associated with the risk; consequences for workers and prevention of these events. Workers are exposed to several types of violence, causing serious consequences to health. It is necessary, therefore, that other studies about this subject matter are conducted, mainly in our country.